Description
The Anglophone Question & Postcolonial Hegemony in Cameroon: The Past that Did Not Pass is a comprehensive collection of essays and analyses that explore the historical, colonial, postcolonial, legal, and international relations aspects of the politico-cultural and linguistic crisis between the English-speaking former British Southern Cameroons (now divided into the Northwest and Southwest regions), and the French-speaking majority of the former French Cameroon, la République du Cameroun. This conflict has shaken Cameroon to its core since the 1990s and led to an armed conflict between the government of Cameroon and Anglophone non-state armed groups. The premise of this book is that the Anglophone Question, the problematic situation of the muted English and Pidgin-speaking minority in French Cameroon, is one of the unfinished items of business of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, that resolved the conflicts of that great conflict. The Anglophone conflict has been exacerbated by the authoritarian republican chieftaincy that was installed in Cameroon after independence and reunification. This neo-patrimonial, kleptocratic regime of Cameroon, has, with the support of its international partners, emphasized the argument of force rather than the force of argument, thereby creating yet another frozen African conflict.
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Praise
“The Anglophone Question cannot vanish by some political maneuver, as Cameroon’s senile nonagenarian president has done over the decades, with his ossified knee excruciatingly painful on the nation’s neck. That is my takeaway after reading this insightful, well-argued, exhaustively researched, highly intellectualized, yet practical compendium of chapters that bear an unapologetic witness to the horrific Anglophone Problem. I celebrate the authors’ fearlessness, articulation and lucid presentation as the establishment continues to seal its ears with candle wax. I’ll reverse President Paul Biya’s mantra and say: Rule 1: There is an Anglophone Problem. Rule 2: When in doubt, consult Rule 1.”
—Uche Onyebadi, PhD, Texas Christian University, Texas, USA
“The Anglophone Question & Postcolonial Hegemony in Cameroon cuts to the core of important questions at the intersection of colonial history, the United Nations’s framework for decolonization for former mandate territories, and postcolonial developments in Cameroon. With remarkable clarity and vision, the editor has assembled a wide array of distinctive contributions that are ethnographically dense and critical in situating and contextualizing the sociocultural, legal, and political complexities of nationalisms in the former British Southern Cameroons. These contributions hold significant value for scholars and students focused on postcolonial struggles for autonomy and self-determination in the two English-speaking/Pidgin-speaking territories of Cameroon, the North-West and South-West Regions. In a postcolonial moment marked by disillusionment and disaffection with state projects of nation-building, this volume deftly argues that Anglophone nationalism is a political response to a historical and ongoing colonial situation. The contributors in this volume convincingly document the experiences of a classic case of a situation coloniale for peoples of the former British Southern Cameroons. This colonial situation is the responsibility of a Francophone Cameroonian elite that has gradually pursued a hegemonic project of internal colonialism for more than half a century. This internal or decentralized colonialism is predicated on the accelerated extraction of resources in these two regions amidst a creeping but steady hollowing of sociocultural, economic, and political institutions of Anglophone identity in Cameroon. A great addition to the growing scholarship on Anglophone Cameroon, this book is also a brilliant contribution to new writing on decolonial thought, new nationalist movements, and the politics of separatist conflicts in Africa in the new century. It is a useful resource for scholars, students, and social justice activists advocating for minority rights and marginalized communities.”
—Rogers Orock, Africana Studies, Lafayette College
Co-editor of Elites and the Politics of Accountability in Africa (2021)
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Contents
Contents
Preface
Lyombe Eko xi
ONE: Introduction: The Anglophone Question in Cameroon
Lyombe Eko 1
PART ONE: Conceptual and Historical Approaches
TWO: The Anglophone Question: History and Conceptual Approaches
Lyombe Eko 31
THREE: The British Connection and (Dis)connection in the Anglophone Question in Cameroon
Lyombe Eko 76
FOUR: The French Connection in the Anglophone Question: Extending the Frenchman’s Civilizational Burden to Southern Cameroons
Lyombe Eko 109
FIVE: Resisting the Frenchman’s Burden: The Clash of Legal Cultures and the Anglophone Question
Lyombe Eko 154
SIX: Crossing the Red Line of Harmonization: How the Common Law Went to War in Cameroon
Tanjong Ashuntantang 189
PART TWO: Historical, Cultural and Political Dimensions of the Anglophone Problem
SEVEN: Early Symptoms of Anglophone Discontent in Post-Reunification Federal Cameroon: The Jua-Muna Power Tussle
Womai I. Song 213
EIGHT: Educational Aspects of the Anglophone Question in Cameroon: English-Medium Education as Bulwark Against the French Man’s Burden
Lyombe Eko 248
NINE: Assimilationist Bilingual Educational Experience in Cameroon: The Case of the Federal Bilingual Grammar School, Molyko, Buea
Innocent Awasom 268
PART THREE: The Anglophone Question and the Anglophone Revolt Of 2016: Human Rights and Humanitarian Issues
TEN: #BringBackOurInternet: Cameroon Government Internet Shutdown and Digital Activist Resistance during the Anglophone Revolt
Dibussi Tande 283
ELEVEN: Killing the Messenger: The English-language Press and the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon
Hansel W. Ngala 306
TWELVE: Chieftaincy Politics and the Explosion of the Anglophone (Ambazonian) Crisis in Cameroon
Jude Fokwang 323
THIRTEEN: Caught in the Sickening Crossfire: The Healthcare Sector and the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon
Lyombe Eko 343
FOURTEEN: Na Mama Amba Drama: A Soyinkan Reading of Language, Torture and Resistance in the Anglophone Revolt
Lyombe Eko 371
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